Musical Arts. Qawwali.

Qawwali music originated in Persia in the 12th century. It is characterized by simple melodies, forceful rhythms, and wild improvisations intended to stir the audience into a euphoric state. The music is based upon medieval poems that reflect religious faith through images of romantic love. The qawwal memorizes these poems, and he then uses phrases and passages from different poems to create a new expression or idea. The performance is marked by passionate shouting and dancing. As in other gospel music, qawwali uses repetition and a series of emotional peaks and rests to intoxicate the audience.

Usually accompanied by tabla, harmonium, and backing vocals, the Maestro Qawwal Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan sang in a very high pitch and had a powerful and highly expressive voice. Perhaps his most exceptional qualities were his melodic creativity and legendary stamina. He had been known to perform for 10 hours.

Bollywood influenced the development of the qawwali in several ways.  The filmi qawwali also set the precedent for the showy quality that one finds in modern performances.  Another effect of the filmi qawwali was the downgrading of the religious and devotional aspect. A typical example of a filmi qawwali is "Sharam ke Kyun Sab" from the film "Chaudvin ka Chand". Female characters also participated like a duel male versus the female casting sarcasm and challenge between one another.