Rubik Cube

Rubik Cube.

Erno Rubik born July 13, 1944, Budapest, inventor of Rubik's Cube, a popular puzzle.

Rubik's Cube consists of 26 small cubes that rotate on a central axis; nine coloured cube faces, in three rows of three each, form each side of the cube. When the cube is twisted out of its original arrangement, the player must then return it to the original configuration, one among 43 quintillion possible ones.

The son of a poet mother and a glider-manufacturer father, Rubik studied sculpture at the Technical University in Budapest and architecture at the Academy of Applied Arts and Design, also in Budapest. While a professor of design at the academy, he pursued his hobby of building geometric models. One of these was a prototype of his cube, made of 27 wooden blocks; it took Rubik a month to solve the problem of the cube.

It proved a useful tool for teaching algebraic group theory, and in late 1977 Konsumex, Hungary's state trading company, began marketing it. By 1980 Rubik's Cube was marketed throughout the world, and over 100 million authorized units, with an estimated 50 million unauthorized imitations, were sold, mostly during its subsequent three years of popularity. Approximately 50 books were published describing how to solve the puzzle of Rubik's Cube. Following his cube's popularity, Rubik opened a studio to develop designs in 1984; among its products was another popular puzzle toy, Rubik's Magic.


A standard Rubik's cube measures 2¼ inches on each side. The puzzle consists of twenty-six unique miniature cubes. Each of these includes a concealed inward extension that interlocks with the other cubes, while permitting them to move to different locations.
However, the centre cube of each of the six faces is merely a single square façade; all six are affixed to the core mechanism. These provide structure for the other pieces to fit into and rotate around. So there are twenty-one pieces: a single core piece consisting of three intersecting axes holding the six centre squares in place but letting them rotate, and twenty smaller plastic pieces which fit into it to form the assembled puzzle.
Each of the six center pieces pivots on a screw held by the center piece. A spring between each screw head and its corresponding piece tensions the piece inward, so that collectively, the whole assembly remains compact, but can still be easily manipulated.
The Cube can be taken apart without much difficulty, typically by rotating the top layer by 45° and then prying one of its edge cubes away from the other two layers. Consequently it is a simple process to "solve" a Cube by taking it apart and reassembling it in a solved state.
There are twelve edge pieces which show two colored sides each, and eight corner pieces which show three colors. Each piece shows a unique color combination, but not all combinations are present for example, if red and orange are on opposite sides of the solved Cube, there is no edge piece with both red and orange sides. The location of these cubes relative to one another can be altered by twisting an outer third of the Cube 90°, 180° or 270°, but the location of the colored sides relative to one another in the completed state of the puzzle cannot be altered: it is fixed by the relative positions of the centre squares and the distribution of color. However, Cubes with alternative color arrangements also exist; for example, they might have the yellow face opposite the green, and the blue face opposite the white with red and orange opposite faces remaining unchanged..
Cubes could be colored in such a way as to emphasize the corners or edges, rather than the faces as the standard coloring does; but neither of these alternative colorings has ever become popular.

FIFA-2010-Latest.

FINAL POSITION QUARTER FINAL 8 TEAMS.

FIFA- List of quarter final winners.




The 2010 FIFA World cup has started in South Africa from 11th June and the Final match will be played at Soccer City stadium, Johannesburg on 11th July 2010. 12:00am IST.

32 teams of 32 countries are divided into groups as under: Performance of 8 teams quarter-final. Full details are given.

Group. A. Points. MP. W. D. L. GF. GA.
South Africa. 4
Mexico. 4
Uruguay. 7 3 2 1 0 4 0
France. 1

Group.B.
Argentina. 9 3 3 0 0 7 1
Nigeria. 1
Korea. ®. 4
Greece. 3

Group.C.
UK. 5
USA. 5
Algeria. 1
Slovenia. 4

Group.D.
Germany. 6 3 2 0 1 5 1.
Australia. 4
Serbia. 3
Ghana. 4 3 1 1 1 2 2

Group.E.
Netherland. 9 3 3 0 0 5 1
Denmark. 3
Japan. 6
Cameron. 0

Group.F.
Paraguay. 5 3 1 2 0 3 1
Slovakia 4
NewZeland 3
Italy. 2.

Group.G.
Brazil. 7 3 2 1 0 5 2
Korea. (DPR) 0
Ivory Coast. 4
Portugal. 5

Group.H.
Spain. 6 3 2 0 1 4 2
Switzerland. 4
Honduras. 1
Chile. 6


FIFA.2010.
Quarter Final Schedule.
Quarterfinal
Friday July 2, 2010
1.
(57)
10:00am EDT 07:30pm IST
Flag of Netherlands vs Flag of Brazil
Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium Port Elizabeth

2.
(58)
2:30pm EDT 12:00am IST (next date)
Flag of Uruguay vs Flag of Ghana
Soccer City Johannesburg

Saturday July 3, 2010
1.
(59)
10:00am EDT 07:30pm IST
Flag of Argentina vs Flag of Germany
Green Point Stadium Cape Town

2.
(60)
2:30pm EDT 12:00am IST.(next date)
Flag of Paraguay vs Flag of Spain
Ellis Park Johannesburg
Semi Final Schedule. Semifinal
Tuesday July 6, 2010
1.
(61)
2:30pm EDT 12:00am IST (next date)
W58 vs W57
Green Point Stadium Cape Town

Wednesday July 7, 2010
1.
(62)
2:30pm EDT 12:00am IST (next date)
W59 vs W60
Moses Mabhida Stadium Durban
Third Place Schedule. Third Place Game
Saturday July 10, 2010
1.
(63)
2:30pm EDT 12:00am IST.(next date)
L61 vs L62
Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium Port Elizabeth

FINAL SCHEDULE. Final
Sunday July 11, 2010
1.
(64)
2:30pm EDT 12:00am IST.(next date)Sunday midnight.
W61 vs W62
Soccer City Johannesburg

Meera Bai the Poet.

Meera Bai.
Meera Bai the poet. (1498-1547)

Aisi Lagi lagan, her Pada, by Anup Jalota,
Mharo re Girdhar Gopal, Doosaro na koi..
Paayojee Maine Ram rattan…
Darsan dena…
Kinu Sang Khelu Holi…?

She is regarded as an incarnation of Radha.
Mira was a queen of Rajasthan who is known more for her devotion than her royal position. There are so many stories about Mira Bai that it is very difficult to separate the facts of her life from legend.
She was born about in 1498 and was married at the age of 13. From an early age she showed more interest in religious devotion than to her worldly responsibilities. It is said that she neglected her marital responsibilities. When queried about it, she said that it was impossible for her to be married to the king when she was already married to Krishna.
A major change in her life occurred at the time of the death of her husband. It was customary in those days for a wife to commit is the self immolation upon the husband's funeral pyre. She refused to comply, whereupon her in-laws began harassing her. She then left the palace and began wandering throughout Rajasthan, preaching and gaining followers.
Mira is known for the many bhajans that she left behind. These bhajans are in praise of lord Krishna and held in great esteem for their high literary value.
She is believed to have died around 1550
Meera's songs are in a simple form called a pada (verse), a term used for a small spiritual song, usually composed in simple rhythms with a repeated text.
That dark dweller in Brij,
Is my only refuge.
O my companion, worldly comfort is an illusion,
As soon you get it, it goes.

I have chosen the Indestructible for my refuge,
Him whom the snake of death will not devour.
My beloved dwells in my heart all day,
I have actually seen that abode of joy.
Meera's Lord is Hari, the indestructible.
My Lord, I have taken refuge in you, your maidservant.


Although Meera is often classed with the northern Sant bhaktas, who spoke of a formless divinity, there is no doubt that she presents Krishna as the historical master of the Geeta, who is, even so, the perfect Incarnation of the Eternal, who is omnipresent but particularly focused in his Icon and his Temple. She speaks of a personal relationship with Krishna as her Lover, Lord and Master. The characteristic of her poetry is complete surrender. Her longing for union with Krishna is predominant in her poetry: she wants to be "colored with the color of dusk" (the symbolic color of Krishna).
She finally reached Dwarka, and spent her last days at the temple.


She was a Hindu mystic and poet whose lyrical songs of devotion to the god Krishna are widely popular and a house-hold prayer in northern India.

Mira Bai was a Rajput princess, the only child of Ratan Singh, younger brother of the ruler of Merta. Her royal education included music and religion as well as instruction in politics and government.

An image of Krishna given her during childhood by a holy man began a lifetime of devotion to Krishna, whom she worshipped as her Divine Lover. Mira Bai was married in 1516 to Bhoj Raj, crown prince of Mewar. Her husband died in 1521, probably of battle wounds, and thereafter she was the victim of much persecution and intrigue at the hands of her brother-in-law, Ratan Singh, when he ascended the throne, and by his successor, Vikram Singh.

Mira Bai was something of a rebel, and her religious pursuits did not fit the established pattern for a Rajput princess and widow. She spent most of her days in her private temple dedicated to Krishna, receiving sadhus, and pilgrims from all over India and composing songs of devotion.

At least two attempts made on her life are alluded to in her poems. Once a poisonous snake was sent to her in a basket of flowers, but when she opened it, she found an image of Krishna; on another occasion she was given a cup of poison but drank it without harm.

Finally, Mira Bai left Mewar and returned to Merta, to her parents place. But finding that her unconventional behaviour was not acceptable there either, she set out on a series of pilgrimages, eventually settling in Dwarka.

In 1546 Udai Singh, who had succeeded Vikram Singh as Rana, sent a delegation of Brahmans to bring her back to Mewar. Reluctant, she asked permission to spend the night at the temple of Krishna and the next morning was found to have disappeared.


According to popular belief, she miraculously merged with the image of Krishna but whether she actually died that night or slipped away to spend the rest of her years wandering in disguise is not known.

Mira Bai belonged to a strong tradition of bhakti poets in medieval India who expressed their love of God through the analogy of human relations--a mother's love for her child, a friend for a friend, or a woman for her beloved. The immense popularity and charm of her lyrics lies in their use of everyday images and in the sweetness of emotions easily understood by the common people of India.

OPEC- monopoly | itimes.com

OPEC- monopoly | itimes.com



Logic of Laughter.

Laughter is the best medicine.

Let us have wine woman mirth and laughter,
sermons speech and soda water, the day after.

They win who laugh.

When her lovely laughter show
Is like rose buds filled with snow.

Success is a relative term, it brings many relatives.

Marriage is not a joke. It is adding salt to injury.

It is not your fault if your father was not rich,
But it is your fault if your father-in law was not rich.

Your future depends upon your dreams, so go to sleep.

Hard work never killed anybody, agreed, but why take the risk?

Every man must marry. After all happiness is not every thing in life !
The wise never marry. After marriage they be other-wise.

The range of laughter-provoking experiences is enormous, from physical tickling to mental titillations of the most varied kinds.. A few examples will help to unravel that pattern.

1. A masochist is a person who likes a cold shower in the morning so he takes a hot one.

2. An English lady, on being asked by a friend what she thought of her departed husband's whereabouts: "Well, I suppose the poor soul is enjoying eternal bliss, but I wish you wouldn't talk about such unpleasant subjects."

3. A doctor comforts his patient: "You have a very serious disease. Of 10 persons who catch it, only one survives. It is lucky you came to me, for I have recently had nine patients with this disease and they all died of it."

4. Dialogue in a French film:

Lover:- "Sir, I would like to ask for your daughter's hand."
Father:- "Why not? You have already had the rest."

5. A marquis of the court of Louis XV unexpectedly returned from a journey and, on entering his wife's boudoir, found her in the arms of a bishop. After a moment's hesitation, the marquis walked calmly to the window, leaned out, and began going through the motions of blessing the people in the street.
Wife:- "What are you doing?" cried the anguished wife.
Husband: "Mon seignior is performing my functions, so I am performing his."



Laughter is a form of rebellion against the mechanization of human behaviour and nature, and Freud's concept of laughter as repressed sexual feeling. The writer Arthur Koestler regarded laughter as a means of individual enlightenment, revelation, and subsequent freedom from confusion or misunderstanding concerning some part of the environment.

Man's vocal instrument as a device of communication represents an apex of physical and intellectual evolution. It can express the most basic instinctual demands as well as a range of highly intellectual processes, including the possible mastery of numerous complex languages, each with an enormous vocabulary.

Because of the imitative capacity of the vocal mechanism (including its cortical directors), suitably talented individuals can simulate the sounds of nature in song, can communicate in simple ways with animals, and can indulge in such tricks as ventriloquism and the mimicry of other voices. Recent tape recording techniques have even extended this flexibility into new domains, allowing singers to accompany their own voices in different keys to produce effects of duets or choruses composed electronically from one person's voice.

Laughter has been described as the "Ha-ha reaction"; the discoverer's Eureka cry as the "Aha! reaction"; and the delight of the aesthetic experience as the "Ah . . . reaction." But the transitions from one to the other are continuous: witticism blends into epigram, caricature into portrait; and whether one considers architecture, medicine, chess, or cookery, there is no clear frontier where the realm of science ends and that of art begins: the creative person is a citizen of both. Comedy and tragedy, laughter and weeping, mark the extremes of a continuous spectrum, and a comparison of the physiology of laughter and weeping yields further clues to this challenging problem.

The outstanding political commentator of the first half of the 20th century is RK Laxman who worked for the Times. He was perhaps the best all-around man in the field of caricature since Daumier. His brush drawing was of an Oriental economy, his invention of analogy gleeful without being really outside the classic British educated tradition, and his hatred reserved for a few needful occasions. Like many before him, he employed hackneyed devices (e.g., the heads of a pack of British politicians on dogs' bodies) but by slyness of expression always managed an original twist. There was almost no one in the political field to touch RK His ‘You Said It” and portrayal of the Common Man was a
superb piece of satire on present day politicians.


Nehru said that first thing he looked for every morning
in the Times Of India was RK’s column “You Said it”.


"The veil of Maya", characteristic of much Indian religion, went hand in hand with a philosophy of embodiment (karma), which gave a distinctive role to art both as an instrument of worship and as an earthly delight. The legends of Krishna abound in exaggerated fantasies of erotic and physical power; the art of the temples testifies to a sensuality that belies the mystical gestures of renunciation which form the commonplaces of Hindu morality.




In providing theories of such art and of the natural beauty that it celebrates, Indian philosophers have relied heavily on the concept of aesthetic flavour, or rasa, a kind of contemplative abstraction in which the inwardness of human feelings irradiates the surrounding world of embodied forms.

The theory of rasa is attributed to Bharata, a sage-priest who may have lived about AD 500. It was developed by the rhetorician and philosopher Abhinavagupta (c. AD 1000), who applied it to all varieties of theatre and poetry.

The principal human feelings, according to Bharata, are delight, laughter, sorrow, anger, fear, disgust, heroism, and astonishment, all of which may be recast in contemplative form as the various rasas: erotic, comic, pathetic, furious, terrible, odious, marvellous, and quietist. These rasas comprise the components of aesthetic experience. The power to taste rasa is a reward for merit in some previous existence.

When the human capacity for amazement, thrill, and suspense approaches its limits, the circus unleashes its clowns to freshen the atmosphere, lighten the emotional load, and recondition the spectator's mind for the next turn.

By tradition, there are several varieties of clowns, from the elegantly costumed whiteface clown, favoured in many European circuses, who appears rather severe and domineering; to the happy-go-lucky grotesque variety, whose exaggerated makeup and costumes are more outrageous and less predictable; to the woebegone, down-and-out "tramp" character, as popularized above all by the American Emmett Kelly. In 19th-century one-ring circuses it was usual for clowns to entertain audiences with songs and long monologues, in which they sometimes offered words of wisdom on politics and current events or quoted Shakespeare.

More recently, especially in Russian circuses, a number of clowns have attempted to strike out in new directions, abandoning traditional costumes and makeup and developing more natural characters. The great Russian clown Oleg Popov became well known not only in the Soviet Union but also in Europe and America through his tours with the Moscow Circus.

Wearing a minimum of makeup, he appeared in the ring with little to set him apart from the others except a slightly unconventional wardrobe. Like other great comedians of the world, his mere appearance brought anticipatory laughter from the audience.

Popov impersonated a rube character who is forever trying to mimic the legitimate performers. Frequently he almost succeeded, but only after sufficient bungling to make his performance a comedy. Actually, in areas such as balancing on the slack wire and juggling, he demonstrated professional abilities.

Laughter.

Logic of Laughter.

Laughter is the best medicine.

Let us have wine woman mirth and laughter,
sermons speech and soda water, the day after.

They win who laugh.

When her lovely laughter show
Is like rose buds filled with snow.

Success is a relative term, it brings many relatives.

Marriage is not a joke. It is adding salt to injury.

It is not your fault if your father was not rich,
But it is your fault if your father-in law was not rich.

Your future depends upon your dreams, so go to sleep.

Hard work never killed anybody, agreed, but why take the risk?

Every man must marry. After all happiness is not every thing in life !
The wise never marry. After marriage they be other-wise.

The range of laughter-provoking experiences is enormous, from physical tickling to mental titillations of the most varied kinds.. A few examples will help to unravel that pattern.

1. A masochist is a person who likes a cold shower in the morning so he takes a hot one.

2. An English lady, on being asked by a friend what she thought of her departed husband's whereabouts: "Well, I suppose the poor soul is enjoying eternal bliss, but I wish you wouldn't talk about such unpleasant subjects."

3. A doctor comforts his patient: "You have a very serious disease. Of 10 persons who catch it, only one survives. It is lucky you came to me, for I have recently had nine patients with this disease and they all died of it."

4. Dialogue in a French film:

Lover:- "Sir, I would like to ask for your daughter's hand."
Father:- "Why not? You have already had the rest."

5. A marquis of the court of Louis XV unexpectedly returned from a journey and, on entering his wife's boudoir, found her in the arms of a bishop. After a moment's hesitation, the marquis walked calmly to the window, leaned out, and began going through the motions of blessing the people in the street.
Wife:- "What are you doing?" cried the anguished wife.
Husband: "Mon seignior is performing my functions, so I am performing his."



Laughter is a form of rebellion against the mechanization of human behaviour and nature, and Freud's concept of laughter as repressed sexual feeling. The writer Arthur Koestler regarded laughter as a means of individual enlightenment, revelation, and subsequent freedom from confusion or misunderstanding concerning some part of the environment.

Man's vocal instrument as a device of communication represents an apex of physical and intellectual evolution. It can express the most basic instinctual demands as well as a range of highly intellectual processes, including the possible mastery of numerous complex languages, each with an enormous vocabulary.

Because of the imitative capacity of the vocal mechanism (including its cortical directors), suitably talented individuals can simulate the sounds of nature in song, can communicate in simple ways with animals, and can indulge in such tricks as ventriloquism and the mimicry of other voices. Recent tape recording techniques have even extended this flexibility into new domains, allowing singers to accompany their own voices in different keys to produce effects of duets or choruses composed electronically from one person's voice.

Laughter has been described as the "Ha-ha reaction"; the discoverer's Eureka cry as the "Aha! reaction"; and the delight of the aesthetic experience as the "Ah . . . reaction." But the transitions from one to the other are continuous: witticism blends into epigram, caricature into portrait; and whether one considers architecture, medicine, chess, or cookery, there is no clear frontier where the realm of science ends and that of art begins: the creative person is a citizen of both. Comedy and tragedy, laughter and weeping, mark the extremes of a continuous spectrum, and a comparison of the physiology of laughter and weeping yields further clues to this challenging problem.

The outstanding political commentator of the first half of the 20th century is RK Laxman who worked for the Times. He was perhaps the best all-around man in the field of caricature since Daumier. His brush drawing was of an Oriental economy, his invention of analogy gleeful without being really outside the classic British educated tradition, and his hatred reserved for a few needful occasions. Like many before him, he employed hackneyed devices (e.g., the heads of a pack of British politicians on dogs' bodies) but by slyness of expression always managed an original twist. There was almost no one in the political field to touch RK His ‘You Said It” and portrayal of the Common Man was a
superb piece of satire on present day politicians.


Nehru said that first thing he looked for every morning
in the Times Of India was RK’s column “You Said it”.


"The veil of Maya", characteristic of much Indian religion, went hand in hand with a philosophy of embodiment (karma), which gave a distinctive role to art both as an instrument of worship and as an earthly delight. The legends of Krishna abound in exaggerated fantasies of erotic and physical power; the art of the temples testifies to a sensuality that belies the mystical gestures of renunciation which form the commonplaces of Hindu morality.




In providing theories of such art and of the natural beauty that it celebrates, Indian philosophers have relied heavily on the concept of aesthetic flavour, or rasa, a kind of contemplative abstraction in which the inwardness of human feelings irradiates the surrounding world of embodied forms.

The theory of rasa is attributed to Bharata, a sage-priest who may have lived about AD 500. It was developed by the rhetorician and philosopher Abhinavagupta (c. AD 1000), who applied it to all varieties of theatre and poetry.

The principal human feelings, according to Bharata, are delight, laughter, sorrow, anger, fear, disgust, heroism, and astonishment, all of which may be recast in contemplative form as the various rasas: erotic, comic, pathetic, furious, terrible, odious, marvellous, and quietist. These rasas comprise the components of aesthetic experience. The power to taste rasa is a reward for merit in some previous existence.

When the human capacity for amazement, thrill, and suspense approaches its limits, the circus unleashes its clowns to freshen the atmosphere, lighten the emotional load, and recondition the spectator's mind for the next turn.

By tradition, there are several varieties of clowns, from the elegantly costumed whiteface clown, favoured in many European circuses, who appears rather severe and domineering; to the happy-go-lucky grotesque variety, whose exaggerated makeup and costumes are more outrageous and less predictable; to the woebegone, down-and-out "tramp" character, as popularized above all by the American Emmett Kelly. In 19th-century one-ring circuses it was usual for clowns to entertain audiences with songs and long monologues, in which they sometimes offered words of wisdom on politics and current events or quoted Shakespeare.

More recently, especially in Russian circuses, a number of clowns have attempted to strike out in new directions, abandoning traditional costumes and makeup and developing more natural characters. The great Russian clown Oleg Popov became well known not only in the Soviet Union but also in Europe and America through his tours with the Moscow Circus.

Wearing a minimum of makeup, he appeared in the ring with little to set him apart from the others except a slightly unconventional wardrobe. Like other great comedians of the world, his mere appearance brought anticipatory laughter from the audience.

Popov impersonated a rube character who is forever trying to mimic the legitimate performers. Frequently he almost succeeded, but only after sufficient bungling to make his performance a comedy. Actually, in areas such as balancing on the slack wire and juggling, he demonstrated professional abilities.

India.

India.

Capital. New Delhi.
States. 28. plus 7 union territory.
Revenue Districts. 555.
Chief Cities. 40
Other cities. 312
Towns. 3790.
Villages. About 4 lac.
Population. 1.2. Billion.
Area. 12 69210 square miles.
Length. 2000 miles.
Width. 1900 miles.
Coastline. 4800 miles.
Location. Latitude 8.4 to 37.6. Degree.
Longitude. 68.7 to 97.25. Degree.
Languages spoken. 17. dialects 818.
National Anthem. Jana Mana Gana.
National Emblem. Sarnath teen murti Lions.
National Motto. Satyam Ev Jayte.
National Song. Vande Mataram.
National Flag. Tri-coloured with Ashok Chakra.
National Animal. Bengal Tiger.
National Bird. Peacock.
National Flower. Lotus.
National Tree. Banyan tree.
National Fruit. Mango.
National Calandar. Saka.
National river. The Ganges.
National Currency. Rupee.
Government. Democracy two-tire.
Constitution. Federal. Guaranteed Fundamental Rights.
Judiciary. Supreme Court. 27 High Courts. plus District and Lower Courts.
Important Cities. New Delhi, Mumbai Kolkata, Madras, Bangalore Hyderabad.


India occupies the greater part of South Asia. It is a Constitutional Republic consisting of 28 states, each with a substantial degree of control over its own affairs, and 7 less fully empowered Union Territories.

The capital is New Delhi. With more than one-sixth of the world's total population, India is the second most populous country, after China.

The land of India--together with Bangladesh and most of Pakistan--forms a well-defined subcontinent, set off from the rest of Asia by the imposing northern mountain rampart of the Himalayas and by lesser adjoining mountain ranges to the west and east.

In area, India ranks as the seventh largest country in the world, covering 12 69210 square miles, just slightly more than 2 percent of the Earth's total land surface.

India's frontier, bordered by six countries, is 9,425 miles long; of which 4800 miles is coastline. Neighbouring countries of particular concern to India are Pakistan to the north-west and China to the north, both of which have intractable border disputes with India, and Bangladesh, which is surrounded on three sides by Indian Territory.

The other nations on India's frontier are Nepal and Bhutan to the north, situated between India and China, and Myanmar, to the north-east

Population percentage can be broadly:-

Hindu. 68 %
Muslim. 20%
Sikh. 02%
Jain. 01%
Christians. 02%
Others. 08%

India has full fledged army equipped with modern amenities.
India ranks sixth in world power USA.UK France USSR China and India.
India is much advanced in the Field of Information Technology and its Engineers
are in great demand world over.

Culturally India is very rich and its people are culturally very advanced.
Indian Films out-number Hollywood and other world films.
India is a well-industrialised nation. India has enough mineral resources.
Indian Air-ports are moderately equipped with facilities to cater to the need
of International traffic. Local air-lines fly to link almost all important cities.

India has beautiful roads through out the country, national state and local high-way.
20% of the population is very rich, 30% middle class and 50% is poor daily wages.

Loose administration and corruption has held the country in ransom.
Situation of Law and Order is just satisfactory and average.
Political interference at all level has broken down the beaurocracy.
There should be a strong body of civil servants who should run the country.
The PM has to lay down the broad policy of implementation.


Instead of Civil Servants, Ministers with no knowledge are heading Departments.
Every decision is taken by PMO. There are no powers with Civil
Servants. They have to stand in waiting to wait for orders from ministers.
Indian Government is a government of amateurs, act as helpless spectators.
State Governments outwit the center in all matters.
India is not free from ‘yes sir’ mentality after 63 years of freedom.
The country is in the grip of fake money and black money.
There exists a nexus of politicians, mafia and police in every state.


India has well managed system of banks under control of Reserve Bank.
There are nationalised and private and co-operative banks in huge volume.
Indian Post, speed post telephone have been replaced by private agencies.


India is a country where agriculture is a predominant factor.
It has to rely on rain waters. India has problems of drinking water.
India has shortage of electricity and basic infrastructure.
Indian Railways is spread through out and has kept India intact.

Indian economy is liberalised and advancing moderately.
India is educationally advanced and literacy is achieved 60%.
Higher Education is available with IIT and other well-known educational institutions.
Health Care is government central regional, local and private hospitals who can afford.

India is a country of festivals. There are series of festivals round the year.
Indian literature Bengali Marathi and all other languages are rich in literature.
India has sport’s fever in its veins. Cricket, other outdoor and indoor sports are played.

It is a credit to the Government that they manage basic needs of 1.2 billion people.

Scattered through out the country, there are approximately five lacs villages which
can be called settlements of fewer than a population of 5000 in a village. Eighty
percent of them have inhabitants of 2000 or so living like groups in a society in
the remote places. Here exists India’s most valued cultural forms. Signs of
progress and prosperity, change, standard of living, reforms have not reached here.


India is an old-household where aged do not retire. They rule. Middle-aged operate and
implement. The youth is made to stand aside and watch. They smoke biris cigarettes and chew masalas out of frustration and no work. There is crisis of identity.

None can understand India’s problems. There are castes into castes within castes.
There are religions into religions within religions and temples durgah guru-dwaras
are flourishing at the expense of blind belief. Palmists and astrologers have a hay-day.


Nobody after independence has been true to its nation. All have flourished and exploited
the people of India.

The streets and roads are crowded with cows and dogs resting leisurely. Lack of hygienic
and sanitation facilities has invited seasonal illness and rendered people weak and dull.

India is a sleeping giant. The politicians want to let this giant sleep and never get awake.
Since independence India has received billions in aid grant loans, subsidy from world-bank, plus India has collected trillions of taxes of all sorts from its people. Where
this money has gone? It is not spent after its people for whom it was meant.

It is time now that India behave like a super Nation. It has to come out of its
policy of submission and politeness and weakness. It has to assert itself on the world arena. Be selective. Be firm. Do not budge an inch from your stand. Throw
full responsibility on our consulates and improve our image abroad.

Local Governments and statutory Boards have done nothing. They are vote banks.
The Vote banks shall take the country to its eventual destruction. World nations are waiting for India to be divided into small countries and they can spread their
influence by their divide and rule policy.

It is time some sense of wisdom maturity and realisation of impending danger
prevails and lead the country to its way to progress and prosperity. Stop this
leg-pulling and act in the interest of the country in an united way.

Vegetarian Diet.

Vegetarian Diet.




Vegetarian diet is a practice of living solely upon vegetables, fruits, grains, and nuts. Vegetarian diet is based on sound ethical, ascetic, and nutritional reasons.
Meat, fowl, and fish are excluded from all vegetarian diets.
Those in the modern West usually eat eggs. India excludes eggs, as did those in the classical Mediterranean lands.


Though the Hindus and Buddhists never required so strict an observance of ahimsa as the Jains, vegetarian diet and tolerance toward all forms of life became widespread in India.

King Asoka in his inscriptions of the 3rd century BC stressed the sanctity of animal life. Ahimsa is one of the first disciplines learned by the student of yoga and is required to be mastered in the preparatory stage, the first of the eight stages that lead to perfect concentration.

In the early 20th century Gandhi extended ahimsa into the political sphere as Satyagraha, nonviolent resistance to killing the dumb animals.


Mahavira taught that a man can save his soul from the contamination of matter by living a life of extreme asceticism and by practicing nonviolence toward all living creatures.

This advocacy of nonviolence encouraged his followers to become strong advocates of vegetarian diet, which in the course of time helped to bring about a virtual end to sacrificial killing in Indian rituals.

His followers were aided in their quest for salvation by accepting the five maha-vrata that have been attributed to Mahavira: renunciation of killing, of speaking untruths, of greed, of sexual pleasure, and of all attachments to living beings and nonliving things.


Avoiding of flesh eating first appeared, in ritual connections, either as a temporary purification or as qualification for a priestly function.

Advocacy of a fleshless diet for normal use began around the middle of the 1st millennium BC and probably independently, in India and in eastern Mediterranean lands as part of the philosophical awakening of the time.

In the Mediterranean lands, avoidance of flesh eating is first recorded as a teaching of Pythagoras of Samos and his followers. The Pythagoreans generalized certain Orphic ritual restrictions--they rejected not only flesh but beans and mallows--and may have been influenced by Egyptian priestly customs or even by individual thinkers in the Fertile Crescent.


The Pythagoreans alleged the kinship of all animals as one basis for human benevolence toward other creatures, which should not be killed for food. From Plato onward many pagan philosophers and particularly the Neo-Platonists recommended a fleshless diet; the idea carried with it condemnation of bloody sacrifices in worship and was often associated with belief in reincarnation of soul, and, more generally, with a search for principles of cosmic harmony in accord with which human beings could live.

In India the Buddhists and Jains refused to kill animals for food, on ethical and ascetic grounds: the human being should not inflict harm on any sentient creature.

The idea was soon taken up also in Brahman circles, and was applied especially to the cow; as in Mediterranean thought, the idea carried with it condemnation of bloody sacrifices and was often associated with a sense of cosmic harmonies.

In later centuries vegetarian diet had a differing fate in the Indic and the Mediterranean spheres. In India itself, though Buddhism gradually declined the ideal of ahimsa, with its corollary of a fleshless diet, spread steadily in the 1st millennium AD until many of the upper castes especially of Vaisnava faith, and even some of the lower, had adopted it.

Beyond India it was carried, with Buddhism, widely northward and eastward, as far as China and Japan; but less conscientious Buddhists limited themselves to avoiding the killing of animals and would eat of a carcass if someone else supplied it.

In some countries, fish were included in an otherwise fleshless diet.
West of the Indus, the monotheistic traditions that came to power were less favourable to vegetarian diet.

In the Hebrew Bible, however, is recorded the belief that in Paradise the earliest human beings had not eaten flesh: that it was permitted only after Noah's flood and even then the blood in it, as being the life of it, was not to be consumed.

Ascetic Jewish groups and some early Christian leaders disapproved of flesh eating as a luxury, gluttonous, cruel, and expensive. Some Christian monastic orders ruled out flesh eating, and its avoidance has been a penance even for lay persons.

Many Muslims have been hostile to vegetarian diet, yet some Muslim Sufi mystics who became the chief guides of Muslim spiritual life, recommended a meatless diet for spiritual seekers. Akbar, in the 16th-century, recommended a fleshless diet as a Sufi custom.

Happiness.

What is Happiness?
Some find happiness in food, love, sex, having a family, a phone, fiat flat and what not.
One man’s happiness may be another man’s unhappiness.
Happiness varies from man to man, woman to woman, child to child,
from animal to animal, from country to country, and place to place.

A crocodile finds Happiness in swallowing a man. It is its Happiness.
You do not know Happiness unless you know what is more than Happiness.

A lifetime of happiness no man alive could bear, it would be hell of a life.

Happiness comes un-announced; it does not come at the call of the man.

The man that smiles of happiness today tomorrow cries.

For words like happiness half reveal its meaning, and half conceal within.
Happiness is altogether in the mind of the person who seeks it.
There is always happiness when you forget about it.
Who said happiness is gone, when it was hiding in me in within?
Put not your happiness in trust put your trust in happiness.


Little I ask as my wants are few, and I lived in happiness is not new.
To two different minds, life is full of happiness and life is full of hell.
Blessed are those who do not run after happiness!


Can anyone remember and tell when people were happy?
What we anticipate seldom occurs, what we least expected sure happens.
Happiness comes when he forgets happiness and involves him in what he is doing.

Like the dew on the mountain,
Like the foam on the river kind,
Like the bubble on the fountain,
Happiness is a portable state of mind.

He who never hoped is always happy.

Oh! What happiness you sway,
When you put all your cares away?

Give me that man who is not a slave of happiness?

He who is happy on Friday weeps on Sunday.

Food-Intake.

Food Intake Before and After you hit the Gym.


What you eat before and after you hit the gym is also equally important.
An effective gym turn-out depends on many factors.
Most important one is the food you take, that is your diet.

What you eat before your gym lessons prepares your body for the stress.
What you eat after your gym lessons is responsible for muscle building
and the body repair.

Herein below I have compiled some important tips from health magazines.

Before the Gym:-

1. Get the carbs.

Give your body a dose of carbohydrates one hour before you hit the gym.
Eat an apple. You may also have as breakfast toast, cornflakes or idlis.
You may also eat a banana with lukewarm milk for the complex carbohydrates
it provides.

Such type of foods before gym need comparatively little time for digest,
are easy on the body, and provide you with maximum energy during the Gym.
Also ensure that you drink a glass of water before you take the gym lessons,
so that your body is well-hydrated.

2. Never go hungry.

Do not hit the gym with an empty stomach. The stress that the exercise
has on the body, combined with the lack of sugar energy will lead to
Hypoglycaemia, a condition that will make you prone to fatigue.

For a diabetic it is important to start to hit the gym lessons immediately
after a heavy meal. However normal healthy individuals must maintain a gap
of two three hours before a meal to take up the gym lessons. The logic is to
allow the sugar level in the body to reach an optimum level.

During your course of gym lessons level of cortisol, the destructive hormones
in the body increases. Therefore the human body is prone to infection. That is
precisely why, the hour after gym course is known as the window period
as it allows infections to enter the body. Use this opportunity and eat
as soon as possible. The body loses salt due to sweating. That is why it is
important to compensate the loss with a rich source of electrolyte like ORT.
Have proteins but do not completely rely on proteins for your supply
Of energy as they are far more difficult to digest and take a toll on your
Kidneys. Therefore to aid digestion make sure, you add lot of greens
In your meal as they are rich in fibre.


The body needs a high-protein diet for muscles building. However relying
On the supplements is not the alternative. The best option for a post-gym
Supplement is to take the watery part of yogurt Curd that is very rich in
Proteins, chop a banana and an apple, into it, put it in the blender.
It is a perfect combination of proteins and carbohydrates.
The apple is rich in fibre also.

Almonds

Almonds.

Almond nuts are of two types, sweet and bitter.
Sweet almonds are edible type consumed as nuts and used in cooking, or as a source of almond oil or almond meal.

The almond tree, growing somewhat larger than the peach and living longer, is strikingly beautiful when in flower. The growing fruit resembles the peach until it approaches maturity; as it ripens, the leathery outer covering, or hull, splits open, curls outward, and discharges the nut.

The sweet almond is cultivated extensively in certain equatorial regions. The tree greatly resembles the related peach, with which it occasionally hybridizes. While dormant, it is nearly as hardy as the peach, although ordinarily flowering earlier, from late January to early April north of the Equator. The nut crops are therefore uncertain wherever frosts are likely to occur during the period of flowering. Sweet almonds mature only occasionally in climates like that of southern England.

Leading exporting countries of shelled almonds during the late 1970s were the U.S., Spain, Italy, Iran, Portugal, and Morocco.

Bitter almonds, as inedible as peach kernels, contain about 50 percent of mixed oil that also occurs in the sweet almond, together with an enzyme, emulsin, which in the presence of water yields glucose, prussic hydrocyanic acid, and the essential oil of bitter almonds is called benzaldehyde. When the prussic acid has been removed, the oil of bitter almonds is used in the manufacture of flavouring extracts for foods and liqueurs.

Almonds provide small amounts of protein, iron, calcium, phosphorus, and B vitamins and are high in fat. They may be eaten raw, blanched, or roasted and are commonly used in confectionery baking. In Europe a sweetened paste made from almonds is used in pastries and in marzipan, a traditional candy. The almond is also widely used in meat, poultry, fish, and vegetarian dishes of Asia.



A daily and regular as like a habit of intake of boiled almonds
could significantly reduce level of two biomarkers for oxidative
stress in people with high cholesterol. It is found that use of almonds
successfully reduced plasma melondial-dehyde and urinary
Isoprostanes level in a group of selected fifty males
and females with high percentage of cholesterol.

When analysed, the blood and urine samples from subjects,
who consumed three different dietary treatments consisting of
same amount of calories, each for a period of one month.

Treatment consisted of

(1).a full dozes of almonds weighing four ounce, daily.
(2).a half-dose of almonds plus a half dose of muffins daily, and
(3).a full dose of muffins daily, as a control.

Subjects consumed a low-fat diet and were counselled on
strategies to maintain weight and to follow their usual exercise
routines through out each test phase, to test, to investigate
possible anti-oxidant effects from eating almonds.

It was found that when the subjects ate the full doze of almonds,
their concentration of two bio-markers MDA and urinary
Isoprostanes were significantly lowered.

MDA decreased by 20% compared to the start of the study
in the full-dose almond group.

Isoprostanes decreased by 28% in both the almond groups
when compared to the control period, suggesting a possible
threshold effect for that biomarker.

The study helps to show the anti-oxidant effects of almonds,
Further research on individual contributions of Vitamin E,and
Polyphenolic constituents like flavonoids found in almonds,
is underway.

Pir Mahommad Chhel.

Pir Mohammad Chhel. (1850-1925)

He was a Pir of a known durgah and was involved his whole life in benevolent works.
He was born in the village Ningala of Saurashtra. Mohammed Chhel was reputed to be both a mystic and a magician. However, he does not fit into the usual mould of sleight-of-hand artistes or tricksters like other great magicians. Mohammed Chhel had an impressive extrovert personality.

With his metal-rimmed glasses, he looked more of an intellectual. He had a prominent nose, thin lips, flowing beard and slightly upturned moustaches’. A coiled turban and a waistcoat made him look urbane.
In the closing years of 19th century and the early part of the 20th, Mohammed Chhel had become quite famous. Chhel was not a stage performer and had no use for any props or equipments. He performed impromptu against the backdrop of spontaneous flow of life.
He differed from the other magicians in the way that he was an instant conjurer and most of his acts were performed on running trains that traveled to and fro the countryside. The passengers were peasants and simple village folk. He entertained them with his acts, occasionally extending support to the needy.
His performances were meant to define life more emphatically. There was no cause and effect relationship in his acts and they transcended material bounds of reality.
This people's magician had a robust sense of humour also and enjoyed to see his subjects in sweet predicament as he cast his spell on them.
He could make a train ticket checker shell-shocked by producing an avalanche of tickets out of his chin. He could decouple a running train with only the engine chugging away.
He freed a poor peasant from the clutches of moneylender by casting a spell that will not allow him to get out of his chair. Only when he wrote off the falsified debts, did Chhel let the errant moneylender go unstuck.
A troubled merchant wanted to know about his ailing wife in Mumbai. Those were the days when telephones were not a common facility for the village folk. So he came to Mohammed Chhel who put his palm across the merchant's eyes and asked him if he could see his wife. The merchant was relieved to see his wife working in the kitchen hale and hearty. Later the news of her well-being reached him, confirming the powers of Mohammed Chhel.
During a train ride a rich man sitting across Mohammed Chhel held a basket of sweets in his lap. Occasionally he looked around and popped a sweet into his mouth when nobody was looking. Chhel requested the man to share his goodies with fellow passengers who happened to be poor folk. But the man did not pay any heed to this. At this, Mohammad Chhel told him to be careful when he picked up another round of sweets from his basket. Ignoring the warning, the man dipped his hand once more into the basket and pulled out a hissing cobra instead of a sweet.
So Mohammed Chhel was not a magician in the usual sense of the term. He made things happen for the benefit of fellow creatures. The date of his death is not known but probably he lived till early twenties of the last century. People still remember his nobility.
Did Mohammed Chhel actually work magic? Are all the stories ascribed to him really true? Maybe there is no clear answer to such questions. But nearly after a century of his passing away Mohammed Chhel is remembered till now and his magic is alive in the hearts and memory of people where he weaved his web of legerdemain.

Tibet.

Tibet.
Capital. Lhasa.
Population. 6million.
Area. 474285 square miles.
Chinese name of Tibet is Xizang.(she-zang)

Located on the far west of China, Tibet has its borders with India, Nepal, and Bhutan
and Burma. Tibet is situated on a high plateau surrounded by world’s most extensive
mountain range.

Stretching the entire length of southern border of Tibet,lies the Himalayas.
On the west side of Tibet lies the Karakoram mountains and
to the north lies the vast desert and on the eastern side lies fields
of Amdo and Kham with rolling land, snow-pecked peaks and lakes.
The capital of Tibet, Lhasa lies on river Kyi-Chhu a tributary of Yarlang Tsanpro.




Tibet is on a high plateau--the Plateau of Tibet--surrounded by enormous mountain masses. The northern part of the plateau is called the Ch'iang-t'ang; it extends more than 800 miles, from west to east at an average elevation of 15,000 feet, above sea level. The Ch'iang-t'ang is dotted with brackish lakes, the largest of these being Lakes Ch'i-lin and Na-mu. There are, however, no river systems there.

In the east the Ch'iang-t'ang begins to descend in elevation. The mountain ranges in south eastern Tibet cut across the land from north to south, creating barriers to travel and communication. In central and western Tibet the ranges run from northwest to southeast, with deep or shallow valleys forming innumerable furrows.

The Ch'iang-t'ang is bordered on the north by the Kunlun Mountains, with the highest peak, Mu-tzu-t'a-ko on the Tibet-Nepal border, reaching 25,338 feet. The western and southern border of the Plateau of Tibet is formed by the Himalayan mass; the highest peak is Mount Everest, which rises to 29,028 feet on the Tibet-Nepal border.

North of Ma-fa-mu Lake Mapam Lake; conventional Mana-sarowar and stretching eastward are the Kailas Range, with clusters of peaks, several exceeding 20,000 feet. This range is separated from the Himalayas by the Brahmaputra River, which flows across southern Tibet and cuts south through the mountains to India.

Tibet lies in the rain shadow of the Himalaya and does not receive the monsoon rain. Thus the weather for most of eastern and southern Tibet tends to be very dry and has low humidity for most of the year.
The contrast between the high dry plateau and the sub-tropical southern slopes is most evident when driving from Kodari, in Nepal to Nyalam, one of the first big villages in Tibet.

Kodari is at an altitude of about 6135 ft, is surrounded by lush sub-tropical vegetation. Yet a few hours drive further on you arrive at Nyalam which at an altitude of 12,303 feet, is surrounded by barren rocky hills, devoid of trees.
Being predominantly desert, temperatures can fluctuate dramatically between the day and night. In summer daytime temperatures on a clear day may climb as high as 35C, but at night may drop well below freezing point. The snow line at this time of year lies in the region of 18,372 feet.
In winter, most rivers freeze over and standing water will remain frozen till well after midday. Daytime temperatures can often remain below zero till well after midday, especially if it is overcast.
Eastern Tibet, in particular Kham, and to some extent Amdo, has a higher rainfall than the west and in summer is a mass of rolling green meadows. In spring, this pasture land is a kaleidoscope of wild flowers. Kham also has a considerable area which is covered by forest which is quickly disappearing.


In addition to the Tibetans living in China there is also a large refugee population living in India, Nepal, Bhutan and other parts of the world. The Tibetan Government in exile estimate this refugee population at around 130,000.
The influence of Tibetan culture extends far beyond the present political boundaries.
The people of Ladakh, the Sherpa's of northern Nepal, the Bhutanese, Sikkimese and Mongolians, all share many of the Tibetan customs and speak languages which are closely related to Tibetan.
You find Tibetan people in many parts of China, in particular Kunming and the towns leading up to the Tibetan Plateau. You will also see them in New Delhi, Calcutta, Mumbai, and of course Dharamsala in northern India, which is the centre for the Tibetan government in exile.


The Tibetan language bears no resemblance to Chinese. Both the grammar and the mode of writing are totally different. Tibetans have their own script which was introduced into the country from India during the 7th century and is based on Sanskrit.

The main religion of Tibet is Buddhism which was introduced into the country in the 7th century. However there is also a distinct and long established Islamic group, which although very small can be found in many of the towns and villages across the country. Some Tibetans still practice the original Bon religion, which predates Buddhism by many centuries.

As with all the countries and states of the region, the history of Tibet is characterised by periods of expansion and contraction, empire building and collapse. The borders of the country have waxed and waned for hundreds of years and right up until the Chinese takeover in the late 1950's the exact border had never been delineated. Prior to the Communist revolution in China, there were areas on the border that changed hands regularly depending on the strength of the prevailing warlords.
Being totally landlocked and surrounded by mountains and desert, the Tibetans were often left alone to develop their distinctive culture and religion. Historians generally believe that the original inhabitants of the area were nomad tribes but there is no extensive written history till the seventh century AD.
It was about this time that Tibet developed into a significant force in the region. Under the leadership of Song-tsen Gampo there was expansion into China and other bordering states. He introduced writing to Tibet and also Buddhism. Tibetan expansion during this period reached as far as Hunza, Sarmakand, Chinese Turkestan, Kathmandu and many other areas far from Lhasa. There were also periods when Tibet controlled large areas of Szechwan and Yunnan.
For the present Chinese government to say that Tibet, was and always has been an integral part of China is nothing but pure propaganda. Both countries have existed as independent entities, with their own unique customs and language for many hundreds of years. The reason that Tibet finally fell to the Chinese Communists in the late 1950's was mainly because the country had isolated itself from the rest of the world and had failed to establish diplomatic relations with its neighbours.
Essentially the Tibet of the 1950's had been frozen in the Middle Ages for hundreds of years. Isolationism had bred a stale and effete theocracy that was essentially corrupt and totally unable to deal with the 20th century. The administration was afraid of change and had declined diplomatic relations with all but Britain and China. Hence it was rapidly swallowed up by the communist tide that swept across the region.
The Dalai Lama is the religious leader of the Tibetan people. He fled to India on the 31st of March 1959 following threats and provocation by the Chinese leaders. Prior to the Chinese invasion of Tibet in 1950 the Dalai Lama was both the secular and religious head of Tibet. The Dalai Lama now lives in Dharamsala, which is a hill station in northern India about a 12 hour bus journey north of New Delhi. The Dalai Lama spends much of his time promoting world peace and giving religious instruction to his people. His Holiness also travels the globe lecturing on Tibetan issues and officiating at special religious ceremonies. In 1989 he received the Nobel Peace Prize for Peace.

Beastiality

Beastiality.


It is on record that Adam before the creation of Eve, copulated with animals.
Therefore, threatened by a void in population of sons, Moses created a moral code.

“Whosoever lieth with a beast shall surely be put to death.”


“Pilgrimage to Mecca is not perfected save by copulation with the camel.”
The Arab adopting his morals from Hebrew, held beastiality un-pious.
With the influence of the Syrian Pasaic, and Chinese debauchery,
beastiality gradually became like everything else, a matter of taste.

In hot, moist and sensuous land of equator zone, she-monkeys tempted
travellers by intimating the desire to fondle and by showing his phallus,
he found the sex-act as pleasing as if not better than with a woman.

“The Turk and his mare were always well attached, but for many reasons,
they managed to defile every domestic beast save the reverent camel.”

In the Nile river villages, all sort of beastiality prevailed.
The shepherd isolated as he was, he would offer his penis to a suckling goat.
When the animal could not be aroused, honey was pasted around and that did it.

In Abyssinia, Sudan, neglected women smuggled apes into the harem.
The apes gradually turned nasty brutes, known to kill men in jealousy
and rape other ladies in the towns.

“Nothing poketh, and stroketh nor lusteth after a female than the baboon.”

The Arab hakim traced nymphomania in women due to black and yellow
worms in the vagina, black being bred by the strokings of a negro,
And yellow by the strokings of a baboon.

The following incident took place in a bear’s cave on the outskirts of Kairo.

“As soon as she was heated with wine, she shed her clothes and lay
down on her back, whereupon the bear rose and came to her. He
mounted and stroked, and she gave him the best of what belongeth
to the sons of Adam, till he had made an end. He then sat and rested.
Again he sprang upon her and futtered her again and when he made
the end, he sat down and rested. He ceased not doing till he had
futtered her ten more times, and they both descended into
fainting fit, and lay side by side without any motion all night.”


‘She sipped gulps of wine and gave the ape to do so and he stroked her
nigh half a score times, without drawing till she swooned away.

Many such woman having contact with animals were regarded as
Saints and hoorreeys that is nymphs of Heaven.

The Himalaya.

The Himalaya.

Himalayas is a mountain range 1500 miles long from west to east on the border of Tibet and India. Kindoms of Nepal and Bhutan in between lie on this range. This range is world’s greatest mountain Himalayas covering an area of 2, 40000 square miles.

India’s greatest heritage Himalaya link 1500 miles long from Tibet to Nepal to
Bhutan to Sikkim to Burma is now comprised of:

Bhutan Himalayas. 100 miles.
Nepal Himalayas 600 miles.
Tibet Himalayas 400 miles
Indian Himalayas. 400 miles.

According to poet dreamer and a joker, Prime Minister, “Himalayas belong to all.”
Bhutan Nepal etc offered to join India in 1947, which Nehru did not accept.
Nehru accepted China’s claim over Tibet to Chou-en-lie in 1958 Bandung conference.

Nehru was a dreamer. Dreamers can not be diplomats. Nehru is responsible
for the present day mess. World knows to make big claims of our land, then we give half. They have known India’s weakness.


(For example) (After partition everything is settled, all of a sudden one fine morning Pakistan makes claim of entire Kutch runn area.
Nehru forms a committee to negotiate with them. Finally the matter is referred to UNO
Arbitration committee which gives away prize piece of land of Chhad bet to Pakistan and
all of runn to India. Justice has been done. Of course when the award came in 1968
Indira Gandhi announced that India will never now onward go to UNO for any issue).

The Himalaya. great mountain system of Asia form a barrier between the Tibetan Plateau to the north and the alluvial plains of the Indian subcontinent to the south. The Himalayas include the highest mountains in the world, with more than 110 peaks rising to elevations of 24,000 feet (7,300 metres) or more above sea level.

One of these peaks is Mount Everest (Tibetan: Chomolungma; Chinese Chu-mu-lang-ma Feng; Nepali: Sagarmatha), the world's highest, which reaches a height of 29,028 feet (8,848 metres). The great heights of the mountains rise above the line of perpetual snow.

For thousands of years the Himalayas have exerted a personal and profound effect on the peoples of South Asia, as their literature, politics, and economies, as well as their mythologies and religions, reflect. The vast glaciated heights long have attracted the attention of the pilgrim mountaineers of ancient India, who coined the Sanskrit name Himalaya--from hima, "snow," and alaya, "abode"--for this great mountain system. In modern times the Himalayas have constituted the greatest attraction and the greatest challenge to mountaineers throughout the world.

Forming the northern border of the Indian subcontinent and an almost impassable barrier between it and the lands to the north, the ranges are part of a great mountain belt that stretches 1500 miles long and on an average 150 miles width.

The Himalayas themselves stretch uninterruptedly for about 1,550 miles (2,500 kilometres) from west to east between Nanga Parbat (26,660 feet), in the disputed region of Jammu and Kashmir, and Namcha Barwa (25,445 feet), in Tibet.

Between these eastern and western extremities lie the two Himalayan kingdoms of Nepal and Bhutan.

The Himalayas are bordered to the northwest by the mountain ranges of the Hindu Kush and Karakoram and to the north by the high Plateau of Tibet. The width of the Himalayas from south to north varies between 125 and 250 miles. Their total area amounts to about 229,500 square miles (594,400 square kilometres).Though India, Nepal, and Bhutan have sovereignty over most of the Himalayas, Pakistan and China also occupy parts of them.

In the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan has administrative control of some 32,400 square miles of the range lying north and west of a "line of control" established between India and Pakistan in 1972.

China's occupation of 14,000 square miles in the Ladakh district of Kashmir, as well as Chinese incursions in 1962 south of the McMahon Line (a 1914 boundary line establishing the limit of Tibetan sovereignty in the Assam district of north eastern India) into what is now Arunachal Pradesh, have accentuated further the boundary problems faced by India in the Himalayan region.


The Himalayas have profoundly shaped the cultures of South Asia; many Himalayan peaks are sacred in Hinduism, Buddhism and Sikhism.


The main Himalaya range runs, west to east, from the Indus river valley to the Brahmaputra river valley, forming an arc 2,400 km (1,491 mi) long, which varies in width from 400 km (249 mi) in the western Kashmir-Xinjiang region to 150 km (93 mi) in the eastern Tibet-Arunachal Pradesh region.

The range consists of three coextensive sub-ranges, with the northern-most, and highest, known as the Great or Inner Himalayas.

Ladakh Himalayas in India.
Himachal Pradesh Himalayas.
Sikkim Himalayas.
Kumaon Garhwal Himalayas.


Following mystic entities are associated with Himalayas.
Yetti a creature of cryptology, a large primate like creature supposed to be roaming.
Scientists say its existence is unpersuasive and a legend, misidentification.

Shambhala is a mystical city with legend associated with it that 24 hidden realms
Of Beyul in Vajrayana,Buddhism are hidden and preserved here. Others believe
That it is all a work of imagination.

Sangri-la is a fictional utopia based on Shambhala as described in Lost Horizon
by James Hilton

Himalayas is very rich in forestry and protects India from severe northern winds.
All the major rivers flow from Himalayas. It is the Umbrella under which
India is happily protected.


A pilgrimage to Vaisno Devi or Kailas Man Sarovar is a rare opportunity.
Himalaya has protected us since ages.
We have failed to protect Himalayas and have divided it into pieces.

Computer and Software Scams.

Computer Clean-up scams.

Hundreds of computer staff crammed into the offices of
Innovative Marketing at Kiev Ukraine creating world’s most
pernicious and profitable computer virus.

Innovative Marketing was at the center of a corporate empire
with operations stretching from Eastern Europe to Bahrain,
from India to Singapore to the USA.

A researcher spent months studying the company’s operations
estimates that the business generated revenue of about US $ 180
million in 2008 selling programs into at least two dozen countries.

The company built its scare ware programs that pretend to scan
computer for virus and then misusing credit card information.

Scare ware or rogue ware has become one of the fastest growing
type of internet fraud. Some 35 million PCs worldwide are
infected with this malicious programs putting more than US $ 400
million in the hands of cyber criminals.

When victim pays the fee the virus appears to vanish but in most
cases the machine is infiltrated by other malicious program.
Hackers sell victim’s credit card credentials to other bidders.

PC owners running with Norton anti-virus software, when the PC
was attacked by Antispyware 2010, pop ups were constant, they
were layered one on top of the other and you couldn’t do anything.

It is like a sort of plague. It has to be fixed by deleting all data from
the hard drive and installing a fresh copy of Windows.
All stored data was lost.

A computer consultant who knew his way around technology ended up
junking his PC losing a week’s worth of data after an attack from an
Innovative marketing program dubbed as Windows XP anti-virus.

Some one thousand software consultants complained to the US Federal
Trade Commission about Innovative marketing software, prompting
an investigation and succeeded in retrieving US $ 163 million by settling
its charges against one of the defendants in the suit.

“These guys were the innovators and the biggest players with
its roots date back to 2002 and embezzled millions of dollars.”

Innovative Marketing was set up whose earlier products
included pirated CDs and pornography downloads and
illicit sale of Viagra on internet. It also sold gray market
versions of anti-virus software from Symantec and McAfee,
but had to get out of business in 2003 under pressure.

It built its own anti-virus software that hackers install on PCs
where they served pop up ads of all description.

Similarly the affiliate system has blossomed. A hacker needs to
register as an affiliate on an underground website and download
virus file coded with his ID and hijack legitimate websites
setting up corrupt sites to attack Face book or Twitter sites.
Anybody can be infected by going to legitimate site

A scare ware vendor inserted an ad in NYtimes website
disguised as internet phone company Vonage. It contaminated
hundreds of PCs.

In 2005 Bank of Bahrain and Kuwait cut off its ties with Innovative
Marketing subsidiary with high volume of credit card processing.
It then went for five months without a credit card processor bank.
They managed with Singapore DBS Bank to handle their account,
who processed millions of US $ in backlogged credit card payments.

Innovative Marketing then invested in call centers in Ukraine India, USA.
The rogue ware was designed to lure the customers to buy their PC clean-up
Software. When the customers complained, the result was in vain.
Police have limited success in cracking down on the scare ware industry.
They base their business where law permits or police look the other way.

It was USA only who made Innovative pay up US $163 million it had
scammed for Americans.

Diu Daman & Goa.

Goa.Diu and Daman.
Dadra Nagar Haveli.


Goa. Status of a state.
Capital. Panaji.
Area 1500 square miles.
Population 15 lacs.
Districts 2.

Daman and Diu.
Union Territory.
Capital Daman.
Population. 2 lacs.
Area 50 square miles.
Districts 2.

Dadra and Nagar Haveli.
Union territory.
Capital. Silvassa.
Population. 5lacs.
Area 200 square miles.
Districts 1.

Daman and Diu are situated on the borders of southern parts of Gujarat.
An Union Territory, Pani Kotha of Daman and Diu.It was a colony held by the Portuguese for a long period even after India got independence. Annexed in 1961.

In the year 1961, Diu and Daman were made integral parts of the country.
After Goa was given statehood in 1987, Diu and Daman were made a separate
Union Territory. Daman and Diu are administered by an Administrator.

Dadra Nagar Haveli is near Daman in South Gujarat. Was also a Portuguese territory.
The people of this place took over the administration under the system
of self government. It is under control of the Administrator.

Lush green forests, meandering rivers, large waterfronts, cascading waterfalls,
Gentle gurgle of streams, distant hills, a gorgeous kaleidoscope of flora and fauna,
That is the serene and sylvan land of Dadra and Nagar Haveli where nature is
at her best.

The two main dialects here are Gujarati and Hindi. It is a quiet magical land of
70 villages situated between Maharashtra and Gujarat. It has an area that is
confined to 200 square miles covered with tall trees and flowing rivers.
The hospitable and unselfish native tribals have their own customs, dances
and rituals which are quite fascinating.

The territory enjoys a very pleasant climate from November to March
which is the best time to visit this wonderful place. The summer temperature
does not go high due to its proximity to the sea, and the nights are pleasant.

Goa state.

Goa’s Colva beach, former Portuguese enclave is one of the country’s
Gems and has enjoyed a prominent place in the traveller’s lexicon for
many years. The main reason for this is its magnificent palm-fringed
beaches and renowned traveller’s scene.

It is a heady blend of serenity and excitement down a six mile coastline
studded with some of the world’s most beautiful beaches-Calangute, Colva,
Baga, Dona, Paula, Bogmalo.

Panaji and Vasco-da gama are important cities.

Earlier Panaji was the seat of a Viceroy of the Portuguese regime. His job was to buy
Opium from all over the country and ship it to China Macau

Goa is a full-fledged state of the Union of India..

Father's Day

Father’s Day.

20-06-2010.Father’s Day falls every year on third Sunday of month June.


The idea for creating a day for honouring the Father began in 1909
in Spokane, Washington where one Sonora Smart Dod thought of
the idea for Father’s Day celebration, while listening to a Mother’s
Day sermon in the year 1909.

In the year 1924, President Calvin Coolidge proclaimed the third Sunday
in the month of June to be celebrated through out the country as
Father’s day, to recognise the sacrifices, fathers make for their families.

Roses are the Father’s Day flowers, and red dress to be worn whose father
is alive and white if the father had died.

In India Father’s Day is celebrated in the form of remembrance on the Sarva Pitru
Amavasya which falls this year on 28 September.

K.Lal-the Charmer Magician

K.Lal.Magician. (1925- ).

Magic-rather Mesmerism or hypnotism.
Magic-rather mesmerism or hypnotism for fun, sport and entertainment.
That is Kanti-Lal’s magic shows running jam-packed with thousands of audience.
Audience turned up at the Education Ground, for renowned magician K Lal’s show.
I happened to be one of them. I sat glued to my seat for three hours enjoying the show.
There was more than enough to keep their eyes glued to the strong spectacle, with flying ladies in the sky, rabbits turning into girls and women being cut into two parts and put together again.

But the two items that set the show apart were ‘Water of India’ and the magician’s conversations with Gandhiji. ‘Water of India’ featured people from various states bringing empty jugs on stage. Lal would simply blow some air into the jugs and fill them with milk with patriotic songs playing in the background.

Gandhiji was the centre point of the show. In conversations with the magician, Bapu expressed his pain at the violence and mayhem in the country and then vanished off stage when assured that people would live in peace with each other.
Lal said, “I was perturbed by the atmosphere in Mumbai after Raj Thackeray’s anti-migrant statements. Gandhiji would be upset knowing his fellow countrymen are not living peacefully. So, I focused on his pain.”
After 67 years of performing in thousands of shows, the magician still has some unfulfilled desire. The 85-year-old magician’s wish list includes making the Taj Mahal and Kutub Minar disappear, if someone sponsors it, and flying in a theatre.

Lal says that regional governments must include magic as an art in all cultural programmes, as it is not vulgar and is fun for all.

“Despite writing several letters to regional governments in the past 20 years for developing a magic art academy, I have not received any response. Magic is fun.”
I have heard about Chhel Mohmmed who was well known for his psychic tricks
helping the needy and the poor. Magic and Mesmerism and Hypnotism are vast
subjects. Here my attempt is to narrate magic for fun and entertainment which is
done in public for public entertainment.
Magic is fairy tales like All ad-din. They are fairy tales. K.Lal shows are not fairy
tales. They are a reality. He is people’s magician. He elevated the art of magic
to such great heights that K.Lal came to be a house-hold name through out the country.
He redefined magic and made it free from ancient thugs and crooks who took
benefit in private of the helpless. Shame on them.
Arabic ALA AD-DIN is the hero of one of the stories in The Thousand and One Nights. The son of a deceased Chinese tailor and his poor widow, Aladdin is a lazy, careless boy. He meets an African magician claiming to be his uncle. The magician brings Aladdin to the mouth of a cave and bids him enter and bring out a wonderful lamp that is inside. Aladdin goes in and returns with the lamp but refuses to hand it over to the magician until he is safely out of the cave. The magician thereupon shuts him inside the cave with the lamp and departs.

Wringing his hands in dismay in the dark, Aladdin finds that he can summon up powerful jinn, or genies, by rubbing the ring. He returns home and soon finds that rubbing the lamp also produces genies. These supernatural spirits grant him his every wish, and Aladdin eventually becomes immensely wealthy, builds a wonderful jewel studded palace.
He marries the beautiful daughter of the sultan. After defeating the attempts of the frustrated African magician and his wicked younger brother to recover the lamp, Aladdin lives in long time marital happiness, succeeds the sultan, and reigns for many years, "leaving behind him a long line of kings."

One who practices magic, sometimes considered the same as a sorcerer or witch. Conjurers are also sometimes called magicians, reflecting a historical confusion whereby it was considered to involve the supernatural. The name derives from the magus, an ancient Persian priest, and the cognate maghdim, a Chaldean term meaning wisdom and philosophy. Though magic may theoretically be morally neutral, and many self-styled practitioners have claimed so, magicians have throughout European history usually been feared for their powers of wreaking evil.

In some societies, the magician is typically an accepted personage whose help may be sought to accomplish a goal or ward off evil.

A general point to be made is that the frequent tales of peoples living in fear of evil magicians and black magic are merely fanciful travelers' stories. Magic is normally regarded as an everyday aspect of religion used to explain certain kinds of events and to help bring about desired eventualities. Like most religious phenomena, magic may be regarded with some sense of awe and mystery, but this is more often a sign of the importance given to it than of fear or terror.

Typically people perform magical acts themselves or they go to a magician, an expert who knows how to observe the necessary ritual precautions and taboos, and who may be a professional consulted for a fee. Depending upon the beliefs of the particular culture, the skill may be transmitted by inheritance or bought from other magicians, or may be invented by the magician for himself.

Magicians may be consulted for nefarious purposes, to protect a client from the evil magic of others, or for purely benevolent reasons. It seems universal that magic is morally neutral, although the emphasis in any particular society may be on either its good or its evil use.

In some religions, especially those of small-scale illiterate societies, magic may be considered as important and even central to religious belief; whereas in others, especially in the main world religions, it may be unimportant, and often regarded as a mere superstition that is not acceptable to official dogma. It has often been maintained that magic is important in societies that possess a particular worldview or cosmology, in which a scientifically or empirically correct cause-effect relationship between human and natural phenomena is seen as a symbolic one.




Kanphata Yogis are distinguished by the large earrings they wear in the hollows of their ears (kan-phata, "ear split"). They are sometimes referred to as tantric, sannyasins, because of their emphasis on the acquiring of supernatural powers in contrast to more orthodox practices of devotion and meditation. They are followers of Gorakhnath, who is said to have lived in the 12th century or even earlier, and are also known by the name Gorakhnathis or Nathapanthis. The ideology of the Kanphata Yogis incorporates elements of mysticism, magic, and alchemy absorbed from both Shaivite, and Buddhist esoteric systems, as well as from HathaYoga.

Sri Aurobindo Ghosh.

Sri Aurobindo Ghosh. (1872-1950)


“Man is a transitional being. He is not final. The step from a man to
Superman is the next approaching achievement in the Earth Evolution.”

“The Spirit shall look out through Matter’s gaze
And the Matter shall reveal Spirit’s Face.”

Sri Aurobindo was born to Dr. Krishna Dhan Ghose, District Surgeon of Rangapur, Bengal and Swarnalata Devi, the daughter of Brahmo religious and social reformer, Rajnaray an Basu.
Aurobindo spent his first five years at Rangapur, where his father had been posted since October 1871. Dr. Ghose, who had previously lived in Britain and studied medicine was determined that his children should have an English education and upbringing free of any Indian influences. In 1877, he therefore sent the young Aurobindo and two elder siblings - Man Mohan and Benoybhusan - to the Loreto Convent School in Darjeeling

Aurobindo's education began in a Christian convent school in Darjeeling, and then, still a boy, he was sent to England for further schooling. He entered the University of Cambridge, where he became proficient in two classical and three modern European languages.

After returning to India in 1892, he took various administrative and professorial posts in Baroda and Calcutta, and then turned to his native culture and began the serious study of Yoga and Indian languages, including classical Sanskrit.

The years from 1902 to 1910 were stormy ones for Aurobindo, as he embarked on a course of action to free India from the British raj (rule). As a result of his political activities and revolutionary literary efforts, he was imprisoned in 1908.

Two years later he fled British India to refuge in the French colony of Pondicherry,
where he devoted himself for the rest of his life solely to the development of his unique philosophy. There he founded an ashram as an international cultural centre for spiritual development, attracting students from all over the world.

According to Aurobindo's theory of cosmic salvation, the paths to union with Brahman are two-way streets, or channels: enlightenment comes from above (thesis), while the spiritual mind (super mind) strives through yogic illumination to reach upward from below (antithesis). When these two forces blend, a Gnostic individual is created (synthesis). This yogic illumination transcends both reason and intuition and eventually leads to the freeing of the individual from the bonds of individuality, and, by extension, all mankind will eventually achieve moksha (liberation).

Thus, Aurobindo created a dialectic mode of salvation not only for the individual but for all mankind. His voluminous, complex, and sometimes chaotic literary output includes philosophical pondering, poetry, plays, and other works. Among his works are The Life Divine (1940), The Human Cycle (1949), The Ideal of Human Unity (1949), On the Veda (1956), Collected Poems and Plays (1942), Essays on the Gita (1928), The Synthesis of Yoga (1948), and Savitri: A Legend and a Symbol (1948).

He later withdrew from politics and settled in Pondicherry, then a French possession. There he established an ashram, or ashram, and achieved a high reputation as a sage. His followers saw him as the first incarnate manifestation of the super beings whose evolution he prophesied, and apparently he did not discourage this belief.

After his death, the leadership of the Aurobindo Ashram was assumed by Mira Richard, a Frenchwoman who had been one of his disciples.
Aurobindo Ashram affairs were efficiently handled by Meera.
Pandit Nehru on his visit to the Ashram was fascinated by her method of governing the affairs of Ashram.

After Aurobindo’s death in 1950, Meera continued to manage the
Ashram till her death in 1973.

Shastry.LB.

Lal Bahadur Shastry. (1904-66)
Prime Minister of India.

Sri Lal Bahadur Shastri was born on October 2nd, 1904 at Ram Nagar near Benares in the U.P. state in a middle class family, as the son of Sri. Sharada Prasad, a teacher and Smt. Ramdulari Devi, a house wife. His father passed away when he was barely one and a half years old. He had gone to Varanasi and stayed with a teacher Sri.Mishraji to pursue his studies. Mishraji’s stories about the freedom struggle inspired little Lal Bahadur to
Join the freedom movement.
In 1916, Gandhiji came to Benares Hindu University, for its foundation ceremony. Gandhiji’s speech came as a bolt from the blue. It raised many eyebrows. Gandhiji dwelled on his ‘Non-violence and Satyagraha’ policy.

He said “No amount of speeches will make us fit for self rule ever. Only our conduct will enable us to become fit for that, if I found it necessary for the salvation of India that aliens should be driven out, I would declare without any hesitation that they would have to go, and I hope I would be prepared to die in defence of that belief”.

A mightily impressed Lal Bahadurji had prepared himself for a future freedom fighter. Eventually he became a congressman and emerged as a greatest Gandhian
After Independence the first general elections were held in 1952. Sri. Lal Bahadur Shastri has devoted his entire energy for the organization and election work. The Congress Party won the election with a huge majority.
Shastriji entered the parliament through Rajya Sabha. He became a cabinet minister, as Railways and Transport in 1952. On May 27th , 1964 Prime Minister. Pundit Jawaharlal Nehru passed away. Nehru left with a void, because he was a towering personality not only in India but also the entire world. Shastri was the most trusted leader, with a proven track record has emerged as the choice for the top job.
In April-May 1965 Pakistani army, has crossed over into the Rann of Kutch in Gujarat. In September 1965, it became a full blown war, on the western borders. The American’s were hand in hand with the Pakistanis, and threatened to cut of the grain supplies to India. Shastriji countered this move through great vigour, and extraordinary leadership qualities, calling up the farmers of this country to cultivate every piece of available land, and miss a meal every week, for the sake of our ‘Mother land’. He gave the great and everlasting slogan for the nation ‘Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan’.

After the cease-fire called by the U.N security council, a meeting was held on January 4th 1966, in Tashkent on the invitation of Russian (USSR) premier Kosygin, between Lal Bahadur Shastriji and General Ayub Khan, to work out a peace treaty. The joint declaration was signed on 10th January, 1966. He died the same night at 1 o’clock. The ‘Vijay Ghat’ his memorial in Delhi, remaining as a great hope of simplicity, honesty and loyalty that will lift the spirits of the fellow countrymen, in our beloved Motherland

A member of Mahatma Gandhi's Non-cooperation Movement against British government in India, he was imprisoned for a short time (1921). Upon release he studied in the Kashi Vidyapitha, a nationalist university, where he graduated with the title of shastri ("learned in the scriptures"). He then returned to politics as a follower of Gandhi, was imprisoned several times, and attained influential positions in the Congress Party of the state of the United Provinces, now Uttar Pradesh. Shastri was elected to the legislature of the United Provinces in 1937 and 1946. After Indian independence, Shastri gained experience as minister for home affairs and transport in Uttar Pradesh. He was elected to the central Indian legislature in 1952 and became union minister for railways and transport. He gained a reputation as a skilful mediator after his appointment to the influential post of minister for home affairs in 1961. Three years later, on Jawaharlal Nehru's illness, he was appointed minister without portfolio, and after Nehru's death he became prime minister in June 1964.

Shastri was criticized for failing to deal effectively with India's economic problems, but he won great popularity for his firmness on the outbreak of hostilities with neighbouring Pakistan. He died of a heart attack after signing a "no-war" agreement with President Ayub Khan of Pakistan.

He was also responsible for referring the Chad Bet dispute with Pakistan to the UNO
Arbitration committee. Ultimately we had to hand over Chad Bet to Pakistan in 1968.



Though it appeared that Nehru was grooming Indira as his successor, he had denied any such intention, and his party instead chose Lal Bahadur Shastri, as India's second prime minister. Shastri had devoted his life to party affairs and had served Nehru well both inside and outside his Cabinet. His modesty and simplicity, moreover, appealed to most Indians.

Along the Yamuna riverfront, memorial set in flowering gardens has been built for Lal Bahadur Shastri (Vijay Ghat). Jai Jawan. Jai Kisan.

Lakshdweep Islands of India.

Lakshadweep Islands.
Capital: Kavaratti.
Land Area 16 square miles.
Population. One lac.
District. 1.


Laccadive Islands were renamed as Lakshdweep Islands in the year 1973.
They are popularly known as Cannore islands.
They are located in the Arabian Sea off the limits of Kerala, 200 miles away.
They consist of two dozen coral islands covering a land area of 16 to 20 square miles.
Out of the two dozen islands only 10 are inhabited. Main ones being Kavaratti, Agatti,
Amini, Minicoy. In the entire archipelago offers good facility for cruising and swimming in the crystal clear waters of the lagoons.

Cocoanut is the main crop cultivated in Lakshadweep islands. It is the largest
producer of cocoanuts in India.

The population is predominantly Muslim and they are involved in fishing
and employed at ports in handling sea traffic.

The main languages spoken are Malayalam Mahl and Jesseri.

Historical records show that around the seventh century, a Muslim saint
was shipwrecked on the island of Amini. The Hindu inhabitants were converted
to Islam despite their opposition.

The islands form the smallest Union Territories of India formed in 1956.
They are administered by an Administrator by the Central Government.
The Island is under the jurisdiction of Kerala High Court at Ernakulum.
The island elects one member to the Loksabha. Panchayat raj is the method
for local administration.

These Islands are the union territory of India. It is a group of some two dozen islands with a total land area of 16 to 20 square miles, scattered over 30,000 square miles of the Arabian Sea. The easternmost island lies about 185 miles off the western coast of the state of Kerala. Ten of the islands are inhabited. The administrative centre is Kavaratti. The name Lakshadweep means "Hundred Thousand Islands" in the Malayalam language and also in Sanskrit. The higher eastern sides of the islands are the most ideally suited for human habitation, while the low-lying lagoons on the western sides protect the inhabitants from the southwest monsoon. The islands are small, none exceeding one mile in breadth. The sandy soils, derived from the coral, support rich growths of coconut palms and perennial garden plants. Cyclones moving up the Arabian Sea rarely cross the islands, but the winds and waves associated with them can considerably alter the land features.

Agatti air-port is operated by Indian Air Lines and King Fisher. They operate from
Cochi and Bangalore. Ships are the major sea way transport means operated from Cochi
and Calicut.

Unclaimed Money.

Unclaimed Money.


Billions of rupees are lying in foreign banks and in Indian banks as unclaimed.
They may be as unattended bank accounts or valuables in Safe Deposit Vaults.
They may be in the form of uncashed cheques or wages.
They may be as utility deposits escrow accounts.

Amounts invested with Post offices are lying as unclaimed saving accounts, all types of National Savings and small savings certificates, Indira bonds, Kisan Vikas bonds etc.

Unclaimed deposits lying with the Telephone department.

RBI has released the latest figures of unclaimed money lying with various banks in India and according to RBI as of December,09, Rs,.1,018 crore is lying in 1.3 crore accounts.
Though, this figure itself is pretty big but banks say that this amount could be even bigger this year because the claims on such deposits take a long time to settle.
Explaining the distribution of such funds RBI said that most of this money is lying in saving deposit accounts. More than 77.4 lakh accounts, which form a massive 75% of the entire accounts percent, have these funds. In terms of unclaimed money this segment accounts for Rs. 629.94 crore, which is over 60% of the total amount. Rs. 232 crore is lying unclaimed in 8.3 lakh fixed deposit accounts.
Around Rs 941 crore of this amount is held in public sector banks, which is over 90% of the total amount. Canara Bank, Punjab National Bank and State Bank of India corner more than one third of the entire unclaimed deposits among the public sector bank. Canara Bank topped the list with Rs. 178 crore, Punjab National Bank was second with Rs. 128 crore followed by the State Bank of India with Rs. 95 crore.
If any fixed deposit or saving account is not used for more than 10 years and lies unclaimed the funds are transferred from the concerned branch to the the bank's head office. RBI in a circular issued more than a decade ago had asked the banks to contact the customer, if it finds that the account is lying unused for over a year and if the customers do not respond efforts should be made to locate his recent address. However, most banks do not follow such practices.
In a similar looking measure RBI had recently asked the banks to refund the small credit balances to the customers and why do they mark a credit card account as closed in just six years. Small amounts left in the credit card accounts are written off to a suspense account and then transferred to a profit and loss account by the credit card companies. Though the amount is small in individual account but can become huge as the number of such account grows into millions.

British had a large presence in India, and ruled the country for centuries, which ended only with the country’s independence in 1947. Even then, for many English people the days of the Raj weren’t over, and they stayed on, some into the 1960s or even beyond, while others died there.
In some instances, they left money behind in accounts unclaimed, or if they died there, there might be money in bank accounts or possibly shares that no one has laid claim to.
The problem, of course, is locating the unclaimed assets.
Bank Accounts
The vast majority of unclaimed money in Indian bank accounts is actually in savings deposit accounts. In India an account is termed unclaimed if it’s had no activity in 10 years. However, even then accounts continue to earn interest of 3.5%. unless they’re unclaimed fixed deposit accounts, which no longer earn interest, since the deposit term has ended.
One of the biggest problems the banks have encountered has actually being getting people to claim old accounts, since the claim procedure, apart from being drawn-out and tedious, often proved to cost those who’d
Government on Monday said it has no plans to utilise unclaimed money of Employees Provident Fund Organisation, which has accumulated to the tune of Rs 3,837 crore, even as efforts are made to trace those who have not taken their dues.

"As the money, lying in the inoperative accounts belongs to the members or their heirs, and is payable at any time when claims are received, it cannot be utilised for any other purpose," Minister of State for Employment, said in the Lok Sabha.

He said that as of March 31, 2009, money to the tune of Rs 3,837 was lying unclaimed in the inoperative accounts of Employees Provident Fund.

In a written reply in the House he said instructions have been issued to all field officers to scrutinise the claims of the inoperative account holders and release the amounts only to the rightful claimants.

EPFO on its part is also making efforts to trace out the beneficiaries through advertisements in newspapers and inviting those who have not preferred their claims for more than three years after leaving their job.

The total membership of the provident fund organisation as on March 2009 was 4.49 crore and the Central Board of Trustees of EPF which met last week had recommended a rate of interest of 8.5 per cent on EPF deposited for 2009-10.
The SEBI has put in practice a mechanism to deal with large number of unclaimed
Shares. Changes in the listing agreement deal with unclaimed shares in public issues.
Such shares will now be credited to a demat account opened by the issuer with the depositor. The issuer will be supposed to send three reminders to the allotee who has not claimed the shares. In absence of any response, the shares will be transferred to demat a/c and its details will be kept. Dividends bonus shares and stock split if any would be credited to the same account. Verification wil be done of the allottee when he approaches the issuer.
The issuer will have to give details in their annual statement. Details such as total no. of unclaimed shares in demat a/c at the beginning and the end of the year. The report will also show that voting rights of the shares would remain frozen until claimed. Companies will have to make dividends on per share basis.